Category: Nutrition

Good and Bad Fat Proteins and What They Mean for Diabetes: studies just released deal with fat proteins in your blood system that can either be a marker for diabetes development or a signal that diabetes may be avoided. This apparently hinges on the type of fat proteins found in your system.

You might think of this in much the same way you might good cholesterol (HDL) and bad cholesterol (LDL). The first type of fat protein is known as PEDF (pigment epithelium-derived factor). This protein is linked to the development of Type 2 diabetes. The second type is Adiponectin and this has been linked to diabetes avoidance.

There has been long standing evidence that obesity and diabetes are often strongly linked. A study by Monash University suggests, “When PEDF is released into the bloodstream, it causes the muscle and liver to become desensitized to insulin. The pancreas then produces more insulin to counteract these negative effects,” according to Associate Professor Matthew Watt in a ScienceDaily.com interview.

When the body is forced to produce significant amounts of insulin it effectively wears out and stops making enough. This is the reason why PEDF can lead to Type 2 diabetes.

Watt does have good news, “Our research was able to show that increasing PEDF not only causes Type 2 diabetes like complications but that blocking PEDF reverses these effects. The body again returned to being insulin-sensitive and therefore did not need excess insulin to remain regulated.”

Meanwhile WebMD reports that a separate fat protein may actually signal a lower risk of Type 2 diabetes. “Adiponectin is a protein produced by fat cells that has anti-inflammatory properties. It also makes the body more sensitive to insulin.”

More than 15,000 individuals were included in study statistics and the results indicate strong Adiponectin levels indicated a reduced risk for diabetes.

Because Adiponectin is found in fat researchers are careful to reiterate that increasing fat content in and of itself is likely to be harmful. The reason is tied to the protein PEDF that can actually be a causal agent in the development of diabetes.

Fat consumption can provide both proteins leading to both good and bad results. This is likely why researchers are looking at the possibility of developing medications that will block PEDF (bad fat protein) while boosting the intake of Adiponectin (good fat protein).

As science becomes more capable of defining individual components we gain a much clearer picture of why medical complications arise based on how our bodies react to what we consume and how we take care of them.

In both cases researchers point to the fact that a decrease in body weight is likely to make the debate over fat proteins a moot point. Rob M. van Dam told U.S. News and World Report, “Avoid obesity. So many things get better as you lose weight.” Professor Watt told ScienceDaily.com, “Type 2 diabetes patients will benefit knowing the two conditions are linked. We already know that weight-loss generally improves the management of blood glucose levels in diabetes patients.”

Most pharmaceuticals for diabetes are developed when weight loss goals are either ignored or cannot be met for other physical reasons. When an overweight individual who weighs 200 pounds looses 10-20 pounds many of the symptoms associated with diabetes or pre-diabetes go away. The guideline is 5-10% weight loss. If you are struggle with your weight consider making small changes that can make for great results. This includes better and more informed food choices along with greater physical exercise.

The Type 1 Diabetes Wheat Link: Research partially funded by the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) suggests a possible link between the consumption of wheat products and the development of Type 1 diabetes in certain individuals.

According to ScienceDaily.com, “Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and the University of Ottawa have discovered what may be an important clue to the cause of type 1 diabetes. Dr. Fraser Scott and his team tested 42 people with type 1 diabetes and found that nearly half had an abnormal immune response to wheat proteins.”

Wheat protein is a staple in an American diet. It can be found in virtually all baked goods and has traditionally been thought of as healthy for all consumers. However, in the case of this study there is something else going on within the body of the potential Type 1 diabetic to indicate oncoming danger.

Dr. Scott, a Senior Scientist at the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and Professor of Medicine at the University of Ottawa said, “The immune system has to find the perfect balance to defend the body against foreign invaders without hurting itself or over-reacting to the environment and this can be particularly challenging in the gut, where there is an abundance of food and bacteria. Our research suggests that people with certain genes may be more likely to develop an over-reaction to wheat and possibly other foods in the gut and this may tip the balance with the immune system and make the body more likely to develop other immune problems, such as type 1 diabetes.”

Science Daily also indicated Dr. Mikael Knip of Finland reiterated the findings by saying, “These observations add to the accumulating concept that the gut is an active player in the diabetes disease process.”

It is estimated that between 15-25 million individuals have Type 1 diabetes. This figure represents less than 10% of all diabetic cases. Type 1 is describes as the most severe type of diabetes simply because the pancreas is attacked from within rendering is essentially useless in producing insulin the body needs to regulate blood glucose levels.

In explaining the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes Mayoclinic.com reports, “Type 1 diabetes, once known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone needed to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy. Type 2 diabetes, which is far more common, occurs when the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin or doesn’t make enough insulin.”

The news about a possible link to wheat may have many parents considering the potential of eliminating the food item from their children’s diet. After all allergic reaction to wheat can coincide with the onset of Type 1 diabetes.  Research suggests other autoimmune disease may also be linked to wheat such as celiac disease.

Previous studies do indicate that a wheat-free diet can reduce the risk for the development of Type 1 diabetes in animal studies. The problem is it can be almost impossible to assure a diet completely devoid of wheat, but there’s another reason not to go overboard. Dr. Scott explains, “It’s impossible to predict who will develop diabetes — 90 per cent of people who develop Type 1 diabetes don’t have a relative with Type 1.”

For up to date information on proper nutrition for Type 1 diabetics always visit with your heath care provider.

Glucose Management: The Carnitine Connection: What if blood glucose could be flushed from the system using a common nutrient found in many foods? But what if eating some of those foods might in turn make you more liable to develop diabetes? This is a puzzle potentially solved in the nutrient carnitine.

The National Institute on health describes carnitine as one that “Plays a critical role in energy production. It transports long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria so they can be oxidized (“burned”) to produce energy. It also transports the toxic compounds generated out of this cellular organelle to prevent their accumulation. Given these key functions, carnitine is concentrated in tissues like skeletal and cardiac muscle that utilize fatty acids as a dietary fuel.”

Beefsteak has one of the highest concentrations of carnitine, but most medical professionals would not urge a diabetic to consume large quantities of steak in order to gain the benefit of this desirable nutrient.

In typical adults there is enough existing carnitine in their body to allow for proper regulation of blood glucose. However, there may now be evidence to suggest that in some individuals the addition of a carnitine supplement could prove valuable in diabetes management.

Duke University conducted tests on rats using carnitine. According to ScienceDaily.com, “After just eight weeks of supplementation with carnitine, the obese rats restored their cells’ fuel burning capacity (which was shut down by a lack of natural carnitine) and improved their glucose tolerance, a health outcome that indicates a lower risk of diabetes.”

Plans are in place to transfer the study from rats to humans in an effort verify the original findings. Researchers believe that the addition of carnitine could allow for improve glucose tolerance in both obese and older individuals. This is exciting news because it could mean a new therapy that allows at risk individuals to avoid developing diabetes while allowing those already diagnosed with an improved means of blood sugar control.

Deborah Muoio, Ph.D., of the Duke told ScienceDaily.com, “We suspected that persistent increases in acylcarnitines in the rats were causing problems, and we could also see that the availability of free carnitine was decreasing with weight gain and aging. It appeared that carnitine could no longer do its job when chronic metabolic disruptions were stressing the system. That’s when we designed an experiment to add extra carnitine to the rats’ diet.”

When carnitine was added fat burning functions improved and the rats lost weight and improved vigor.

Experts agree that tighter control on blood glucose allows for the best long-term health outcomes for diabetic patients. Carnitine supplements could provide the fuel-burning boost needed to achieve reduced weight and flush excess blood glucose from the body.

The NIH adds, “Insulin resistance, which plays an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes, may be associated with a defect in fatty-acid oxidation in muscle. This raises the question as to whether mitochondrial dysfunction might be a factor in the development of the disease. Increased storage of fat in lean tissues has become a marker for insulin resistance. Early research suggests that supplementation with L-carnitine intravenously may improve insulin sensitivity in diabetics by decreasing fat levels in muscle and may lower glucose levels in the blood by more promptly increasing its oxidation in cells. A recent analysis of two multicenter clinical trials of subjects with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes found that treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine (3 grams/day orally) for one year provided significant relief of nerve pain and improved vibration perception in those with diabetic neuropathy. The treatment was most effective in subjects with type 2 diabetes of short duration.”

Antioxidants vs. Free Radicals: An Unexpected Finding: The long-playing mantra in personal health has been, “Eliminate free radicals!” Antioxidants have been added to vitamin supplements and teas. ‘Super foods’ have been elevated to the status of health saviors. However a new report indicates that free radicals can be either good or bad depending on which side of the diabetic diagnosis you’re on.

The report originated in Cell Metabolism and suggests that free radicals known as ROS (reactive oxygen species) may actually be important in retarding the development of Type 2 diabetes. According to ScienceDaily.com, “The researchers show that low levels of ROS – and hydrogen peroxide in particular — might actually protect us from diabetes, by improving our ability to respond to insulin signals.”

Is it possible that by adopting antioxidants as a means of advancing personal health we have actually placed ourselves in jeopardy of being diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes? It’s actually more complicated than that. You see antioxidants may be very helpful once a diabetic diagnosis has been made. There seems to be an unusual tipping point between when antioxidants are bad – and when they are good.

Tony Tiganis of Monash University in Australia who participated in the research said, “Our studies indicate that ‘physiological’ low levels of ROS may promote the insulin response and attenuate insulin resistance early in the progression of type 2 diabetes, prior to overt obesity and hyperglycemia.”

The data seems to suggest that ROS can provide your body with the ability to maintain proper insulin response in non-diabetic or prediabetic patients. Once high blood sugar is noted it may be important to eliminate free radicals (ROS) with antioxidants.

The ScienceDaily.com reports indicates, “Tiganis’ team found that mice with a deficiency that prevented them from eliminating physiological ROS didn’t become insulin resistant on a high-fat diet as they otherwise would have. They showed that those health benefits could be attributed to insulin-induced signals and the uptake of glucose into their muscles. When those animals were given an antioxidant, those benefits were lost, leaving the mice with more signs of diabetes.”

There have been other studies that have suggested antioxidants may actually reduce an individual’s lifespan. Studies on worms show that a removal of free radicals actually served to cause their premature death. Tiganis is quoted as saying, “In the case of early type 2 diabetes and the development of insulin resistance, our studies suggest that antioxidants would be bad for you.” Under some conditions, treatments designed to selectively increase ROS in muscle – if they can be devised – might even help.”

Tiganis further suggests a two-prong approach to the information he’s uncovered. The first step is to stop taking all pill forms of antioxidants. The second step is to exercise. Tiganis notes that exercise actually promotes ROS development that could work to improve insulin receptivity within the body. Perhaps there really isn’t a one-size-fits-all pill that can eliminate the need for physical activity after all.

The research does provide scientists with information they may be able to use to develop alternative therapies that balance the bodies need for ROS with the role of antioxidants if/when they are ultimately needed.

There has been some suggestion of working toward a therapy that can replace ROS striped from the body by antioxidants. As with most startup research there will be more testing to take place before new therapies emerge, but the research provided by Tiganis offers compelling data to suggest the value of free radicals may have been misdiagnosed.